Protocol - Lung Function - Diffusion Capacity

Personnel and Training Required

Certified respiratory therapist who is also certified in the proper use of equipment for single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D_LCO).

Equipment Needs

A source of test gas (such as bag-in-box, spirometer, compressed gas cylinder)

A method for measuring inspired and expired volume over time (such as spirometers with kymographs, pneumotachometers near the mouthpiece or near a bag-in-box)

Gas analysers (single-sample analysers or continuous high-speed analysers)

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	Yes
Specialized training	Yes
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Clinical assessment

Lifestage

Child, Adolescent, Adult, Senior, Pregnancy

Participants

Individuals age 8 years old and older.

Selection Rationale

Although there are various methods to measure carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D_LCO) of the lung (such as steady-state, intra-breath, and rebreathing techniques), the single-breath technique is most commonly used worldwide.

Language

English

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Human Phenotype Ontology	Abnormal DLCO	HP:0045049	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX810301 - Lung Function Diffusion Capacity	6251980	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not applicable.

Protocol Name from Source

MacIntyre, N., et al. Standardization of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. EUR RESPIR J, 2005

Source

MacIntyre, N., Crapo, R. O., Viegi, G., Johnson, D.C., van der Grinten, C.P.M., Brusasco, V., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R., Coates, A., Enright, P., Gustafsson, P., Hankinson, J., Jensen, R., McKay, R., Miller, M.R., Navajas, D., Pedersen, O.F., Pellegrino, R. & Wanger, J. (2005). Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. European Respiratory Journal, 26, 720-735. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00034905

General References

Arteta, M., Campbell, A., Nouraie, M., Rana, S., Onyekwere, O. C., Ensing, G., Sable, C., Dham, N., Darbari, D., Luchtman-Jones, L., Kato, G. J., Gladwin, M. T., Castro, O. L., Minniti, C. P., & Gordeuk, V. R. (2014). Abnormal pulmonary function and associated risk factors in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 36(3), 185-189.

Lunt, A., Desai, S. R., Wells, A. U., Hansell, D. M., Mushemi, S., Melikian, N., Shah, A. M., Thein, S. L., & Greenough, A. (2014). Pulmonary function, CT and echocardiographic abnormalities in sickle cell disease, Thorax 69(8), 746-751.

Protocol ID

810301

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_DeadSpace_VolumeMetric
	PX810301150200	How is this metric used in the more data-computation above? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_DeadSpace_VolumeMetric2
	PX810301160200	How is this metric used in the more data-computation above? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Device_CoolGas
	PX810301380000	Does the device allow exhaled gases to cool more (e.g. volume to contract)? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Device_RemoveCo2
	PX810301360000	Does the device remove CO2 from the exhaled gas?	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Equipment_CalibratedAccuracy
	PX810301040100	Is the device calibrated to accurately more detect the exhaled carbon monoxide and the tracer gas concentrations, which is calculated between the inhaled (test gas concentrations) and zero measurement (no CO or tracer gas present in the device)? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Equipment_Method_Other
	PX810301020200	Which of the following best describes the more method for measuring inspired and expired volumes over time? Other show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Equipment_Regulator
	PX810301110100	Is a demand-flow regulator being used on a more compressed test gas cylinder? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Equipment_Resistance2
	PX810301110300	If yes, is the circuit resistance of the more device <10cm H20 at 6L/s inspiratory flow? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Equipment_TimingTechnique
	PX810301130000	What timing technique was used for more calibration and/or testing? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_InspiredCO
	PX810301310000	Is the inspired CO around 0.3% of the more collected volume? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_MeasuredConcentration_TestGas
	PX810301070000	What is the measured gas concentration of more the test gas? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Quality_AccuracyDate
	PX810301210200	If no, what is today's date (test date)?	Variable Mapping
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Quality_Calibration
	PX810301200000	Was the calibration test performed with a more 'standard subject' (biological control) or simulator? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Quality_Leaks
	PX810301180000	Within the last week, was the device tested more to be leak-free? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_ReadingStability_CO
	PX810301090000	Is the reading stable +/- 0.001% absolute for CO?	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Standardization
	PX810301230000	Did the subject breathe supplemental oxygen more for 10 min prior to this test? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Standardization_ExerciseIntensity
	PX810301240200	If so, please describe the intensity level more of the exercise. show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Standardization_LastCigarette
	PX810301270000	What time did the subject smoke his/her last more cigarette? show less	Variable Mapping
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Standardization_SupineDuration
	PX810301250200	If so, please provide the duration of the more patient in the supine position? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Standardization_TotalExhalationPlus
	PX810301280200	If total exhalation time > 4sec, please note more the expiratory time in seconds show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Standardization_TracerType
	PX810301300100	What type of tracer gas was used?	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Subject_OadRest
	PX810301320200	If so, were at least 10 minutes allowed more between tests? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Subject_Race
	PX810301420000	What racial/ethnic group does the subject more identify with? show less	Variable Mapping
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Subject_Rest
	PX810301340000	Were at least 4 minutes allowed between tests?	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Subject_Sex
	PX810301400000	What is the sex of the subject?	Variable Mapping
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_TestGasOther
	PX810301010200	Which of the following best describes the more source of test gas? Other show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Timing_AutomatedComputationAccuracy
	PX810301140200	If so, how accurate is the breath-hold time more computation? show less	N/A
PX810301_SingleBreath_CarbonMonoxide_DiffusingCapacity_Zero_Measurement
	PX810301050000	What is the measured gas concentration at zero?	N/A

SCD Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Renal

Measure Name

Lung Function - Diffusion Capacity

Release Date

July 30, 2015

Definition

Clinical assessment to determine the capacity of an individual’s lung to exchange gases (e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide) across the alveolar-capillary interface.

Purpose

This measure is used to assess the structural and functional properties of the lung and can detect and quantify symptoms associated with conditions that impact the lung, such as sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, and obstructive airways disease.

Keywords

Lung function, lung volume, lung physiology, diffusion capacity, D_LCO, functional residual capacity, FRC, sickle cell disease, SCD, emphysema, Cystic fibrosis, CF, asbestosis, lupus, arthritis, smoking, sarcoidosis, carbon monoxide, obstructive airway disease, Pulmonary, asthma, sleep apnea, breathing, sickle cell disease, SCD, "Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Renal"

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
810301	Lung Function - Diffusion Capacity