Protocol - Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services
- Medication Inventory
- Medications (Current and Past Use of Pain Relievers, Statins, and Steroids)
- Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction - Adult
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
Description
The Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services is a self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaire that collects information on all three recovery services: psychosocial, pharmacological, and recovery supports participants may have engaged in, including residential treatments, anti-relapse/craving medications, community-based support services and mutual help groups.
Specific Instructions
The PhenX Substance Use and Recovery Working Group (WG) notes that investigators may need to modify the Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services to ensure that medications are up to date (e.g., include Sublocade, the 30-day injectable buprenorphine-naloxone in question 4).
Terminology related to substances, substance use, and recovery is fluid. Updates in protocol language may be appropriate based on circumstance. Suggestions for revision have been offered to update answer responses or other components of the questionnaires to account for the constantly changing landscape. These suggestions have not been tested or validated in research studies but may be considered by investigators to enhance relevance.
The Substance Use and Recovery WG recommends adding a single question on satisfaction with any type of service use endorsed in the past 30 days (adapted from the Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire):
Overall, how satisfied are you with your current [insert treatment/medication/recovery support service here]?”
1 = extremely dissatisfied, 2 = very dissatisfied, 3 = somewhat dissatisfied, 4 = neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 5 = somewhat satisfied, 6 = very satisfied, 7 = extremely satisfied
The Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services measures past service use. For measuring future service needs, the Substance Use and Recovery WG recommends two items, items S10 and S10a, from Future Service Needs - Self-Help Involvement, the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Initial (GAIN-I) Self-Help Involvement protocol.
The Substance Use and Recovery WG recommends that investigators should consider using Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) in tandem with the Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services to help with interpretation. Client Satisfaction complements Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services because it measures satisfaction as opposed to utilization alone.
Items were taken from Table 2 of the National Recovery Study (PI: John Kelly). We are recommending these items here, as the resulting data can then be compared directly against the NRS data and others using the same items.
Kelly, J. F., Bergman, B., Hoeppner, B. B., Vilsaint, C., & White, W. L. (2017). Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,181, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028
Protocols may include terms and language that could be triggering to respondents. Investigators are encouraged to have resources in place to help respondents cope with triggers as needed.
Availability
This protocol is freely available; permission not required for use.
Protocol
Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services
Instructions for participants. Please check all that apply.
1. Have you ever participated in any of the following treatment?
1a. Outpatient addiction treatment
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
1b. Alcohol/drug detoxification services
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
1c. Inpatient or residential treatment
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
2. If participant answered “yes” to ever using treatment:
“In the past 30 days, on how many days have you attended [insert treatment type here]”
3. Have you ever been prescribed any of the following anti-relapse/craving medications for alcohol use?
Antabuse (Disulfiram) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Selincro (Nalmefene) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Revia (Naltrexone) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Campral (Acamprosate) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Topamax (Topiramate) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Lioresal (Baclofen) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Other | [ ] Yes Please specify: ____ [ ] No |
4. Have you ever been prescribed any of the following anti-relapse/craving medications for opioid use?
Methadone | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Orlaam (Levomethadyl acetate) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Suboxone (Buprenorphine-naloxone) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Subutex (Buprenorphine) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Revia (Oral naltrexone) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Vivitrol (Long-acting injectable naltrexone) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Other | [ ] Yes Please specify: ____ [ ] No |
5. If participant answered “yes” to ever been prescribed medications:
“In the past 30 days, on how many days have you used [insert medication name here]”
6. Have you ever participated in any of the following recovery support services?
Sober living environment (e.g., halfway house, Oxford house, sober dorm, etc.) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Recovery high schools | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
College recovery programs/communities | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Faith-based recovery services (e.g., an addiction recovery support group provided by a church, synagogue, mosque, etc.) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Recovery community centers | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
State or local recovery community organization (RCO) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Online communities (e.g., Facebook groups, In The Rooms, etc.) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Phone applications (e.g. SoberGrid, A-CHESS, etc.) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
7. If participant answered “yes” to ever participated in recovery support services:
“In the past 30 days, on how many days have you used [insert name of recovery support service here]”
8. Have you ever participated in the following mutual-help groups?
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Narcotics Anonymous (NA) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Cocaine Anonymous (CA) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Celebrate Recovery | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
SMART Recovery | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Women for Sobriety | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Crystal Methamphetamine Anonymous (CMA) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Marijuana Anonymous (MA) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
LifeRing Secular Recovery | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Moderation Management | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Secular Organizations for Sobriety (S.O.S.) | [ ] Yes [ ] No |
Other | [ ] Yes Please specify: ____ [ ] No |
9. If participant answered “yes” to ever participated in mutual help groups:
“In the past 30 days, on how many days have you used [insert name of mutual help group here]”
Personnel and Training Required
NoneEquipment Needs
NoneRequirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults ages 18 years or older that had resolved an alcohol or drug problem
Selection Rationale
The Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services was compared to similar instruments and was selected because it is a validated, short instrument that captures all three services (psychosocial and pharmacological treatment and recovery support services) and is easy to administer.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not Applicable
Protocol Name from Source
Kelly et al. Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug Alcohol Depend., 2017.
Source
Kelly, J. F., Bergman, B. G., Hoeppner, B. B., Vilsaint, C., & White, W. L. (2017). Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 181, 162–169.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028
General References
Day, E., Manitsa, I., Farley, A., & Kelly, J. F. (2024). The UK National Recovery Survey: nationally representative survey of people overcoming a drug or alcohol problem. BJPsych Open, 10(2), e67. doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.654
Marchand, K., Beaumont, S., Westfall, J., MacDonald, S., Marsh, D. C., Schechter, M. T., & Oviedo-Joekes, E.?(2019). Conceptualizing patient-centered care for substance use disorder treatment: findings from a systematic scoping review.Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy,14, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-019-0227-0
Protocol ID
590601
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping |
|---|
Measure Name
Treatment and Recovery Support Services
Release Date
January 30, 2025
Definition
Psychosocial treatment is psychotherapy, pharmacological treatment is medication, and recovery support services are nonclinical interventions.
Purpose
Recovery may include use of a variety of treatment and recovery support services that people may utilize to mobilize and/or maintain adaptive and salutary recovery-related change. This measure can be used to assess lifetime and past 30-day use of “assisted” (i.e., formal treatment/medications, mutual help organizations/recovery community centers, recovery housing, recovery coaching, etc.) versus “unassisted” resolution pathways.
Keywords
Inpatient programs, outpatient programs, residential treatment, counseling, therapy, peer support, case management, continuing care services, relapse prevention, ongoing support, support groups, 12-step programs, self-help groups, online support forums, mutual help group, recovery housing, recovery community centers, recovery coaching, substance use, substance use disorder, addiction, recovery
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 590601 | Use of Treatment and Recovery Support Services |
| 590602 | Mutual-help Group Involvement and Treatment Attendance |
| 590603 | 12-Step Group Participation |
| 590604 | Future Service Needs - Self-Help Involvement |