Protocol - Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances – Cannabis
- Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
- Expectancies - Alcohol, Cigarette Smoking, and Other Smoking - Marijuana
- Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - General
- Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Drugs
- Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Tobacco
- Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances - Specific - Alcohol
- Substances - 30-Day Frequency
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Description
The Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (CMMQ) Short Form includes 15 self-administered items. Each item is scored on a five-point Likert-style scale ranging from 1 (almost never/never) to 5 (almost always/always).
Specific Instructions
When there is a specific interest in assessing medical cannabis use, the PhenX Substance Use and Recovery Working Group (WG) recommends that “cannabis” or “marijuana” could be replaced with “medical cannabis” to specifically ask about cannabis for medical use.
Protocols may include terms and language that could be triggering to respondents. Investigators are encouraged to have resources in place to help respondents cope with triggers as needed.
Terminology related to substances, substance use, and recovery is fluid. Updates in protocol language may be appropriate based on circumstance. Suggestions for revision have been offered to update answer responses or other components of the questionnaires to account for the constantly changing landscape. These suggestions have not been tested or validated in research studies but may be considered by investigators to enhance relevance.
Availability
This protocol is freely available; permission not required for use.
Protocol
Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (CMMQ) Short Form
This is a list of reasons people sometimes give for using cannabis (aka marijuana, CBD, cannabinoids). Thinking of all the times you have used marijuana, how often would you say that you use for each of the following reasons? Circle the most appropriate answer for each item.
1. Because it is there
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
2. To help you sleep
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
3. Because you didn’t want to be the only one not doing it
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
4. For pain relief
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
5. To see what it felt like
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
6. To forget your problems
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
7. To enjoy the effects of it
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
8. To improve symptoms or manage the effects of a health problem
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
9. Because you wanted something to do
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
10. Because it relaxes you when you are in an insecure situation
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
11. Because you were drunk
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
12. To replace the use of another drug or medication
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
13. Because it was a special occasion
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
14. Because it is safer than drinking alcohol
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
15. So you can look at the world differently
1[ ]= Almost Never/Never
2[ ]= Some of the time
3[ ]= Half of the time
4[ ]= Most of the time
5[ ]= Almost Always/Always
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | Yes |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult, Senior
Participants
18 years or older
Selection Rationale
The Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (CMMQ) Short Form is a brief, self-administered questionnaire that is easy to score and is based on a validated instrument that has demonstrated reliability.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not Applicable
Protocol Name from Source
Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (CMMQ) Short Form
Source
Dowd, A. N., Zamarripa, C. A., Sholler, D. J., Strickland, J. C., Goffi, E., Borodovsky, J. T., Weerts, E. M., Vandrey, R., & Spindle, T. R. (2023). A cross-sectional survey on cannabis: Characterizing motives, opinions, and subjective experiences associated with the use of various oral cannabis products. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 245, 109826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109826
General References
Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., Hendershot, C. S., & Grossbard, J. R. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive marijuana motives questionnaire. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(2), 279-287. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2009.70.279
Martin-Willett, R., Elmore, J. S., Phillips, P. X., & Bidwell, L. C. (2024). Meaningfully characterizing cannabis use for research and clinical settings: A comprehensive review of existing measures and proposed future directions. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 34(1), 82-93. https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2024.23645
Protocol ID
520507
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping |
|---|
Measure Name
Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances
Release Date
January 30, 2025
Definition
Instruments used separately to assess the motives (reasons) for drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, or using drugs.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to assess motives (reasons) for drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, or using drugs, by asking the respondent questions about his/her thoughts and motivations for such actions.
Keywords
substance use, cannabis, Marijuana Motives Questionnaire, MMQ, Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire, CMMQ, drug use, medicinal cannabis, addiction, tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, cannabidiol, CBD
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 520501 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - General |
| 520502 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances - Specific - Alcohol |
| 520504 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Tobacco |
| 520506 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Drugs |
| 520507 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances – Cannabis |