Protocol - Substance Use Disorder - Past Year - Drugs
- Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
- Alcohol - Lifetime Use Disorder
- Cigarette Nicotine Dependence
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adolescents
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adults - Binge-Drinking
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adolescents
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Lifetime
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Drugs
- Substances - 30-Day Frequency
- Substances - Lifetime Substance Use Disorder
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adolescent
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Description
In a face-to-face interview, the respondent is asked several questions about alcohol use disorder during the past 12 months. These responses correspond with criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The questions encompass marijuana and several prescription and other illicit drug categories.
Specific Instructions
The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders Scoring Algorithms are provided for data interpretation. Please click here to access the scoring algorithm document. The algorithms were constructed by Yoanna McDowell, M.A, under the supervision of Dr. Kenneth Sher (University of Missouri) in 2017 and posted here with their permission. They were verified by diagnostic variables available in the NESARC-III data set and published NESARC-III diagnostic and severity prevalence data. Users are solely responsible for the use and interpretation of the algorithms and results.
Due to the complexity of the algorithms and associated analysis, Expert Review Panel 3 recommends analysis be performed by a statistician who has experience using NESARC datasets,
The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) is a complex diagnostic instrument that likely requires expertise with SAS and the NESARC dataset in order to successfully implement scoring algorithms. Investigators interested in briefer, screening-level assessments of alcohol and other substance use disorders are encouraged to review assessments of this collection:
Questions concerning past 12-month substance use experiences are found in Section 3B of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5). These questions are asked if a respondent had affirmatively answered at least one question in the Substances - Lifetime Use measure from the Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances domain, such that lifetime never users (i.e., never used any drugs or medicines without a doctor’s prescription) skip Section 3B entirely.
The AUDADIS-5 questions and check items have not been renumbered. The Protocol text starts with a series of questions under "2b" to gather information on drugs used in the past 12-month period. PhenX Toolkit users should then refer to the Substances - Lifetime Use Disorders measure to collect additional data. The protocol text starts at Section 3C - Medicine Experiences. Past 12-month users are asked the series of use disorder questions to gather information on experiences related to the specific drug(s) that they reported using. Note that not all questions are administered to all respondents because of skip patterns in AUDADIS-5. For instance, past 12-month users who only report using marijuana are only asked the use disorder questions related to marijuana. For participants reporting past 12-month use of more than one drug, the protocol questions should be repeated for each drug reported.
The Assessment of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders Working Group acknowledges that the following questions may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances or illegal conduct. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or lead to other consequences.
Most researchers assure confidentiality as part of their informed consent process, as required by their institutional review boards. When assessing minors with these questions, it may be necessary to obtain informed consent from a parent of the adolescent. Further assurance of confidentiality may be obtained by applying to National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants. The procedures for the Certificate of Confidentiality can be found at the Grants Policy website of the NIH (http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/policy/coc/index.htm).
Availability
This protocol is freely available; permission not required for use.
Protocol
| CHECK ITEM 3.11 For every drug category marked in 1a, mark the corresponding category below and ask 2a-g for each marked drug category. | 2a. How old were you when you FIRST used (Name of drug category)? | b. Did you use (Name of drug category) in the last 12 months only, before the last 12 months only, or during both time periods? | c. During the last 12 months, about how often did you use (Name of drug category)?
| d. When was the most recent time you used (Name of drug category)? | e. Think about the time when you were using (Name of drug category) the MOST. At that time about how often did you use (it/them)? | f. About how old were you when you FIRST BEGAN using (Name of drug category) that frequently? | g. About how long did that period last when you were using (Name of drug category) that frequently? (If less than 1 week enter 1 week) |
| 1[ ]Sedatives or Tranquilizers | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 2[ ]Painkillers | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 3[ ]Marijuana | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 4[ ]Cocaine or Crack | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 5[ ]Stimulants | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 6[ ]Club drugs | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 7[ ]Hallucinogens | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 8[ ]Inhalants/Solvents | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 9[ ]Heroin | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 10 OTHER | ______ Age | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Prior to last 12 months only - Go to next drug category 3[ ]Both time periods | |__|__| | ___ Day(s) ago OR ___ Week(s) ago OR ___ Month(s) ago OR ___ Year(s) ago | |__|__| | ______ Age | ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| CHECK ITEM 3.12 What is the time period marked in 2b for marijuana? When did respondent use marijuana? | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Before last 12 months only - SKIP to 4 3[ ]Both time periods 4[ ]Never - SKIP to Check Item 3.13 |
| 3. Now I would like to know a little more about your use of marijuana.
On the days that you used marijuana in the last 12 months, about how many joints did you usually smoke in a single day? | ______ Number |
| 4. (Now I would like to know a little more about your use of marijuana.)
At the time you were using marijuana the MOST, about how many joints did you usually smoke in a single day? | ______ Number |
| CHECK ITEM 3.13 What is the time period marked in 2b for cocaine or crack? When did respondent use cocaine or crack? | 1[ ]Last 12 months only 2[ ]Before last 12 months only - SKIP to 6 3[ ]Both time periods 4[ ]Never - SKIP to Check Item 3.13A |
| 5. Now I would like to know a little more about your use of cocaine or crack.
On the days that you used cocaine or crack in the last 12 months, about how many grams, lines or rocks did you usually use in a single day? | _____ Gram(s) OR _____ Line(s) OR _____ Rock(s) |
| 6. (Now I would like to know a little more about your use of cocaine or crack.)
At the time you were using cocaine or crack the MOST, about how many grams, lines or rocks did you usually use in a single day? | _____ Gram(s) OR _____ Line(s) OR _____ Rock(s) |
| 7a. In which of the following ways have you used cocaine or crack?
Read each response category. Mark (X) all that apply, | 1[ ]IV, through the veins? 2[ ]Injection under the skin? 3[ ]Smoking, freebasing? 4[ ]Snorting, sniffing, breathing? 5[ ]By mouth, drinking? 6[ ]Other method? |
| CHECK ITEM 3.13A Is respondent only a marijuana user? | 1[ ]Yes - END QUESTIONS 2[ ]No |
| CHECK ITEM 3.13B Did respondent use stimulants in the last 12 months? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - SKIP to Check Item 3.13C |
| 7b. In the last 12 months, did you use Add’-erall, Concerta, Sy’-lert, Pro-vig’-il, Ritalin, Dexedrine, or any other prescription stimulants ON YOUR OWN? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No |
| c. In the last 12 months, did you use a stimulant other than a prescription stimulant? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No |
| CHECK ITEM 3.13C Did respondent use stimulants before 12 months ago? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - SKIP to 8 |
| 7d. Did you use Add’-erall, Concerta, Sy’-lert, Pro-vig’-il, Ritalin, Dexedrine, or any other prescription stimulants ON YOUR OWN before 12 months ago? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No |
| e. Did you use a stimulant other than a prescription stimulant before 12 months ago? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No |
| 8. Have you EVER taken ANY medicines or drugs that we just talked about ON YOUR OWN by injection with a needle? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - END QUESTIONS |
| 9. Did you take ANY medicines or drugs that we just talked about ON YOUR OWN by injection with a needle in the last 12 months? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - SKIP to 12 |
| 10. About how often in the last 12 months, did you inject a medicine or drug with a needle? | 1[ ]Every day 2[ ]Nearly every day 3[ ]3 to 4 times a week 4[ ]1 to 2 times a week 5[ ]2 to 3 times a month 6[ ]Once a month 7[ ]7 to 11 times in the last year 8[ ]3 to 6 times in the last year 9[ ]2 times in the last year 10[ ]Once in the last year |
| 11. Did you take ANY medicines or drugs that we just talked about ON YOUR OWN by injection with a needle BEFORE 12 months ago? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - SKIP to 13 |
|
12. Think about a time when you were taking a medicine or drug by injection with a needle the MOST. At that time about how often did you inject a medicine or drug? | 1[ ]Every day 2[ ]Nearly every day 3[ ]3 to 4 times a week 4[ ]1 to 2 times a week 5[ ]2 to 3 times a month 6[ ]Once a month 7[ ]7 to 11 times in the last year 8[ ]3 to 6 times in the last year 9[ ]2 times in the last year 10[ ]Once in the last year |
| 13. About how long did that period last when you were taking a medicine or drug by injection the MOST? (If less than 1 week enter 1 week)
| ____ Week(s) OR ____ Month(s) OR ____ Year(s) |
| 14. About how old were you when you first injected any medicine or drug? | ______ Age |
| CHECK ITEM 3.13D Did respondent inject any medicines or drugs in the last 12 months? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - SKIP to 16 |
| 15. I would like to ask you a few questions about needle sharing. By needle sharing, I mean using someone else’s needles, syringes, or other injection equipment, like filters, spoons, cookers or washers, or letting someone else use yours.
In the last 12 months did you take ANY medicines or drugs using a needle or other injection equipment that you knew or suspected had been used by someone else, or did you let someone else use yours? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No |
| CHECK ITEM 3.13E Did respondent inject any medicine or drug before 12 months ago? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - SKIP to 17 |
| 16. (I would like to ask you a few questions about needle sharing. By needle sharing, I mean using someone else’s needles, syringes, or other injection equipment, like filters, spoons, cookers or washers, or letting someone else use yours.
BEFORE 12 months ago did you take ANY medicines or drugs using a needle or other injection equipment that you knew or suspected had been used by someone else, or did you let someone else use yours? Did this happen BEFORE 12 months ago? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No |
| CHECK ITEM 3.14 Is 15 or 16 marked "Yes"? | 1[ ]Yes 2[ ]No - END QUESTIONS |
| 17. About how many people shared a needle or other injection equipment the last time you shared? | 1[ ]1 2[ ]2 3[ ]3 4[ ]4 5[ ]5 or more |
Personnel and Training Required
The interviewer must be trained and found competent to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided. It is preferable to either read the questionnaire aloud to the respondent or administer it in an audio-assisted computer interview (ACASI) format. The questions are sensitive in nature, and the interviewer should be trained to react appropriately to emotional responses. If a distressed respondent protocol is adopted, the interviewer should be trained to administer those procedures.
Equipment Needs
While the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5) instrument was developed for administration by computer, the PhenX WG acknowledges that these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format. Hasin et al. (1997) and Grant et al. (1995) used the AUDADIS in paper-and-pencil format, while Grant et al. (2003) obtained data with the computerized format.
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults aged 18 years or older
Selection Rationale
The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) captures diagnostic information via the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-5). Therefore, the user can link diagnostic data from the NESARC directly to treatment utilization also collected from the NESARC.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Addictive behavior | HP:0030858 | HPO |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP3) reviewed the measures in the Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances domain and in the Substance Use, Use Disorders, and Recovery Specialty Collections.
Guidance from the ERP includes:
- Updated protocol (same source)
Partially back-compatible (updated/similar protocol which would require some changes to the data dictionary), variable mapping between current and previous protocols can be found here (link).
Protocol Name from Source
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III)
Source
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). (N.d.). National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III). Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health. Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-5), Section 3B - Medicine Use (Questions 2a-17).
General References
Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Smith, S. M., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Chou, S. P., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Saha, T. D., Aivadyan, C., Greenstein, E., & Hasin, D. S. (2015). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Reliability of substance use and psychiatric disorder modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 27-33.
Grant, B. F., Harford, T. C., Dawson, D. A., Chou, P. S., & Pickering, R. P. (1995). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 39(1), 37-44.
Hasin, D., Carpenter, K. M., McCloud, S., Smith, M., & Grant, B. F. (1997). The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a clinical sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 44(2-3), 133-141.
Protocol ID
511803
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping |
|---|
Measure Name
Substance Use Disorder - Past Year
Release Date
November 28, 2017
Definition
Interviewer-administered questions to determine whether the respondent has experienced symptoms of alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, or substance use disorder in the past year (i.e., past 12 months).
Purpose
This measure uses the 12-month criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), to evaluate alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, or substance use disorder.
Keywords
Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule, AUDADIS, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, DSM-5, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 511801 | Substance Use Disorder - Past Year - Tobacco |
| 511802 | Substance Use Disorder - Past Year - Alcohol |
| 511803 | Substance Use Disorder - Past Year - Drugs |